The ‘primacy’ and ‘direct effect’ of EU international agreements

Gáspár-Szilágyi, Szilárd ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7204-406X 2015. The ‘primacy’ and ‘direct effect’ of EU international agreements. European Public Law 21 (2) , 343–370. 10.54648/euro2015017

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Abstract

The rules on invoking EU norms before the Court of Justice and Member State courts are at the core of EU constitutional law. International agreements binding on the EU form an integral part of EU law and have primacy over inconsistent secondary EU legislation. Moreover, they also have primacy over inconsistent Member State law. This article aims to investigate, whether such primacy is capable of having effects independent of direct effect or it needs to be triggered by some form of 'direct effect' of the international agreement.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Cardiff Law & Politics
Publisher:	Kluwer Law International
ISSN:	1354-3725
Last Modified:	19 Jan 2026 12:02
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/183509

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