A multi-country study to co-design and evaluate digital educational resources to support conversations about ending fertility treatment

Sousa Leite, Mariana ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8002-4648 and Gameiro, Sofia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-2004 2026. A multi-country study to co-design and evaluate digital educational resources to support conversations about ending fertility treatment. Human Reproduction , deaf248. 10.1093/humrep/deaf248

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Abstract

STUDY QUESTION How can educational resources be feasibly co-designed and used to support conversations between staff and patients about ending fertility treatment? SUMMARY ANSWER Co-design workshops allow for the development of educational resources that account for all stakeholders’ perspectives and are considered sensitive, informative, and helpful to support end-of-treatment conversations, but staff and patients have different views about how these can be used within the treatment pathway. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Ending treatment without children is a common outcome but seldom discussed with patients. Preventive end-of-treatment care aims to promote healthy transitions at the end of treatment by preparing and helping patients cope with this possible outcome. Nine in ten patients want to receive such care, but only 3 in 10 report receiving it. Knowledge of perceived barriers to implementing preventive end-of-treatment care at clinics and whether digital educational resources can be developed to support its provision is lacking. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Co-design workshops with fertility staff (March 2022), patients, and patient advocates (March–December 2022) from Europe (Belgium, Finland, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and UK) and South America (Argentina, Brazil, and Chile). Staff were invited to participate through fertility professional and scientific associations, and patients and advocates via charities and social media. Eligibility criteria were being aged 18 or older and working in fertility care (for staff) or charity (for advocates) or being waiting to initiate, undergoing, or having undergone treatment within 6 months (for patients). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A preliminary specification and initial prototypes of digital educational resources to support staff and patients, respectively, in having conversations about ending treatment were developed with relevant stakeholders. Co-design workshops with study participants were conducted. A semi-structured script, following Bowen et al.’s (2009)feasibility framework, was used to guide the workshops. Questions covered: (i) experiences, views, and preferences on the provision of preventive end-of-treatment care at clinics and iterative prototypes of the resources to support this provision (acceptability); (ii) perceived need and benefits (demand); and (iii) perceived barriers and facilitators to its implementation at clinics (practicalities). Workshops were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data were analysed using Framework Analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Fifteen fertility staff, 34 patients, and 7 advocates participated. Staff were mainly psychologists/counsellors (40.0%) or clinicians (26.7%) working in the field for around 23 years. Patients were mostly women (91.2%), on average aged 38 years. Most were childless (73.5%) and trying to conceive for around 3 years. Framework analysis of data collected during the co-design workshops generated four themes and one meta-theme, reflecting a need for a normative shift across countries towards the routine implementation of preventive end-of-treatment care. Themes reflected: (i) demand for routine provision of holistic psychosocial care, including preventive end-of-treatment care; (ii) different views between staff and patients about the risks and extent of benefits of routinely implementing preventive end-of-treatment care; (iii) patient high clarity about the functions of preventive end-of-treatment care (ensuring patients feel prepared and supported in moving through the grief and cope with short-term challenges; explore other pathways to parenthood and re-orient one’s life goals; and ensure informed consent for fertility treatment) versus staff lower clarity, with care being equated to signposting patients for timely psychological support; and (iv) co-designed digital educational resources are helpful to support the routine provision of preventive end-of-treatment care at clinics. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Non-probability sample. Although the patient sample was heterogeneous (heterosexual and same-sex couples; private and public sectors), patients were primarily White, well-educated, employed, and childless women, limiting the generalization and comparisons across gender and other personal characteristics (ethnicity, socioeconomically disadvantaged, and disabled), where access to and acceptance of psychosocial support are expected to be lower. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Routine discussions about the end of treatment are needed and beneficial, but staff will require reassurance and training on with whom, when, and how to engage in these. The final version of the digital educational resources is seen as valuable to support a cultural shift in implementing end-of-treatment preventive care at clinics. The co-designed webpages are freely available online in four languages (for staff: www.myjourney.pt/clinics, for patients: www.myjourney.pt/patients). Future research is needed to raise awareness and further investigate how best to support staff in such care provision and measure its impact.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Schools > Psychology Research Institutes & Centres > Women’s Health Research Wales
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
ISSN:	0268-1161
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	8 January 2026
Date of Acceptance:	9 December 2025
Last Modified:	09 Jan 2026 12:30
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/183735

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