High-temperature continuous wave operation of oxide-confined VCSELs

Baker, J., Allford, C. P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3798-9014, Meiklejohn, J., Hentschel, C., Gillgrass, S., Shutts, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-7790 and Smowton, P. M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9105-4842 2026. High-temperature continuous wave operation of oxide-confined VCSELs. Semiconductor Science and Technology 41 (2) , 025013. 10.1088/1361-6641/ae3e12

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Abstract

We present experimental measurements of the temperature dependence of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under continuous wave (CW) operation and the aperture size-dependent performance at heatsink temperatures >135 ∘C. We extract the maximum CW operating temperature and internal cavity temperature at turn off and show these to be higher for narrow aperture devices. The modal properties are assessed from below threshold to turn-off and we show a tendency to low order mode lasing throughout the current sweep for narrow aperture devices, influenced by strong optical and electrical confinement.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Physics and Astronomy
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Type: cc-by
Publisher:	IOP Publishing
ISSN:	0268-1242
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	18 February 2026
Date of Acceptance:	27 January 2026
Last Modified:	18 Feb 2026 09:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/184962

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