A framework for blood biomarker discovery in Multiple Sclerosis

Tallantyre, Emma C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-6634, Mangion, Sean Apap and Teunissen, Charlotte 2026. A framework for blood biomarker discovery in Multiple Sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal Item availability restricted.

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Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) biomarkers hold potential for improving pathophysiological understanding, diagnostics, prognostication, and treatment personalisation. Technological advances now permit detection of blood biomarkers at previously prohibitively low concentrations. Concentrations of several candidate biomarkers have been shown to correlate between blood and CSF. The development of “-omics” panel-based technologies now facilitate the discovery of collections of molecules, the interdependency of which may better reflect disease heterogeneity. Neurofilament light (NfL) is the clearest example of success of a biomarker entering the realm of clinical practice in MS, with promising developments in others such as glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). However, integration of new biomarkers requires standardisation of discovery and validation across the various available technologies, along with demonstration of clinical utility, to gain regulatory approval and widespread adoption. In this review, focused on blood-based biomarkers, we expand on the above discoveries, developments, and trajectories, to provide a framework for understanding this crucial body of work.

Item Type:	Article
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Schools > Medicine
Publisher:	SAGE Publications
ISSN:	1352-4585
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	25 February 2026
Date of Acceptance:	24 February 2026
Last Modified:	25 Feb 2026 12:30
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/185301

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