Thermal energy demand database for typical British dwellings

Corcoran, Lloyd, Saikia, Pranaynil, Ugalde Loo, Carlos E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4454 and Abeysekera, Muditha ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-3254 2026. Thermal energy demand database for typical British dwellings. Applied Energy 411 , 127573. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127573

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Abstract

Due to the impacts of climate change, the world is experiencing rapidly rising temperatures and shifting weather patterns. In Northern hemisphere countries like the United Kingdom (UK), dual-seasonal thermal energy demand is faced, with intense winter heating needs and elevated summer cooling requirements due to the increasing frequency and intensity of heatwaves. Thus, understanding the changing demand for both heating and cooling is becoming increasingly important towards meeting legally-binding net-zero targets based on how the required additional demand on electricity networks is met. Despite this, most attention has been given to heat demand, with space cooling not receiving significant consideration so far and the intrinsic interdependence between heating and cooling requirements not fully accounted for. In addition, domestic buildings have not been sufficiently investigated, with a substantial focus placed instead on commercial and industrial sites. This paper presents a database of yearly thermal energy demand for typical UK dwellings. The work captures the seasonal variation in thermal demand between warmer and colder months. To this end, typical meteorological weather files, alongside six selected geographical locations, multiple dwelling types, different construction data and four building orientations were considered to create year-round datasets.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Publisher:	Elsevier BV
ISSN:	0306-2619
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	9 March 2026
Date of Acceptance:	16 February 2026
Last Modified:	09 Mar 2026 11:16
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/185589

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