Prognostic value of rho GTPases and rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors in human breast cancers

Jiang, Wen Guo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3283-1111, Watkins, Gareth, Lane, Jane ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-4909, Cunnick, Giles Harvey, Douglas-Jones, Anthony Gordon, Mokbel, Kefah and Mansel, Robert Edward ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-0726 2003. Prognostic value of rho GTPases and rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors in human breast cancers. Clinical cancer research 9 , pp. 6432-40.

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Abstract

PURPOSE: Rho family members are small GTPases that are known to regulate malignant transformation and motility of cancer cells. The activities of Rhos are regulated by molecules such as guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). This study determined the levels of expression and the distribution of Rho-A, -B, -C, and -G, and Rho-6, -7, and -8, as well as Rho-GDI-beta, and Rho-GDI-gamma, in breast cancer and assessed their prognostic value. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The distribution and location of Rhos and RhoGDIs were assessed using immunohistochemical staining of frozen sections. The levels of transcripts of these molecules were determined using a real-time quantitative PCR. Levels of expression were analyzed against nodal involvement and distant metastasis, grade, and survival over a 6-year follow-up period. RESULTS: The levels of Rho-C, Rho-6, and Rho-G were significantly higher in breast cancer tissues (n = 120) than in background normal tissues (n = 32). However, the level of Rho-A and -B and rho-7 and -8 was found to be similar in tumor and normal tissues. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the high level of staining of Rho-C protein in tumor cells. The levels of Rho-GDI-gamma transcripts were found to be significantly lower in tumor tissues than in normal tissues (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Node-positive tumors have significantly higher levels of Rho-C and Rho-G, and lower levels of Rho-GDI and Rho-GDI-gamma transcripts, than do node-negative tumors. Significantly higher levels of Rho-C and Rho-G were seen in patients who died of breast cancer than in those who remained disease free. Patients with recurrent disease, with metastasis or who died of breast cancer, also exhibited higher levels of Rho-6 but lower levels of Rho-GDI-gamma. Higher-grade tumors were also associated with low levels of Rho-GDI and Rho-GDI-gamma. CONCLUSIONS: Raised levels of Rho-C, Rho-G and Rho-6 and reduced expression of Rho-GDI and -GDI-gamma in breast tumor tissues are correlated with the nodal involvement and metastasis. This suggests that the expression of Rhos and Rho-GDIs in breast cancer is unbalanced and that this disturbance has clinical significance in breast cancer.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Publisher:	American Association for Cancer Research
ISSN:	10780432
Last Modified:	17 Oct 2022 08:27
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/189

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