Nicotine enemas for treatment of ulcerative colitis: a study of the pharmacokinetics and adverse events associated with three doses of nicotine

Ingram, J. R., Routledge, Philip Alexander, Rhodes, J., Marshall, Roger Wingate, Buss, Derek Charles, Evans, B. K., Feyerabend, C. and Thomas, Gareth A. O. 2004. Nicotine enemas for treatment of ulcerative colitis: a study of the pharmacokinetics and adverse events associated with three doses of nicotine. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 20 (8) , pp. 859-865. 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02199.x

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Transdermal nicotine is of value in active ulcerative colitis but causes adverse events because of systemic absorption. Nicotine enemas may give rise to fewer adverse events. AIM: To assess the pharmacokinetics of nicotine enemas in three doses. METHODS: Thirteen volunteers, all non-smokers but three ex-smokers, were given enemas on separate occasions containing 3, 6 and 9 mg of nicotine, in ascending dose order. Adverse events were recorded and blood samples taken over 8 h for measurement of serum nicotine and cotinine. RESULTS: Enemas were retained by most subjects. Eleven of 14 adverse events were 'early'--30-105 min after the enema, corresponding to maximum plasma nicotine concentrations; three events were later, 4-8 h after the enema and unrelated to the tmax. 'Early' adverse events occurred in eight subjects--six with 9 mg. The three highest plasma nicotine concentrations were with 9 mg and associated with headache, nausea and sweating. Only one had adverse events with 3 mg and withdrew from the study. Nicotine Cmax with 6 and 9 mg doses were respectively two and three times the value with 3 mg. Peak nicotine concentrations occurred 44-50 min after the enema. CONCLUSION: The 6 mg dose of nicotine probably represents the dose to use in clinical practice - for the highest therapeutic dose with a low risk of adverse events.

Item Type:	Article
Status:	Published
Schools:	Pharmacy
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Publisher:	Wiley-Blackwell
ISSN:	0269-2813
Last Modified:	04 Jun 2017 03:29
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/21949

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