Invited Article: Millimeter-wave bolometer array receiver for the Atacama pathfinder experiment Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (APEX-SZ) instrument

Schwan, D., Ade, Peter A. R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5127-0401, Basu, K., Bender, A. N., Bertoldi, F., Cho, H.-M., Chon, G., Clarke, John, Dobbs, M., Ferrusca, D., Güsten, R., Halverson, N. W., Holzapfel, W. L., Horellou, C., Johansson, D., Johnson, B. R., Kennedy, J., Kermish, Z., Kneissl, R., Lanting, T., Lee, A. T., Lueker, M., Mehl, J., Menten, K. M., Muders, D., Pacaud, F., Plagge, T., Reichardt, C. L., Richards, P. L., Schaaf, R., Schilke, P., Sommer, M. W., Spieler, H., Tucker, Carole ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1851-3918, Weiss, A., Westbrook, B. and Zahn, O. 2011. Invited Article: Millimeter-wave bolometer array receiver for the Atacama pathfinder experiment Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (APEX-SZ) instrument. Review of Scientific Instruments 82 (9) , 091301. 10.1063/1.3637460

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Abstract

The Atacama pathfinder experiment Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (APEX-SZ) instrument is a millimeter-wave cryogenic receiver designed to observe galaxy clusters via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect from the 12 m APEX telescope on the Atacama plateau in Chile. The receiver contains a focal plane of 280 superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers instrumented with a frequency-domain multiplexed readout system. The bolometers are cooled to 280 mK via a three-stage helium sorption refrigerator and a mechanical pulse-tube cooler. Three warm mirrors, two 4 K lenses, and a horn array couple the TES bolometers to the telescope. APEX-SZ observes in a single frequency band at 150 GHz with 1′ angular resolution and a 22′ field-of-view, all well suited for cluster mapping. The APEX-SZ receiver has played a key role in the introduction of several new technologies including TES bolometers, the frequency-domain multiplexed readout, and the use of a pulse-tube cooler with bolometers. As a result of these new technologies, the instrument has a higher instantaneous sensitivity and covers a larger field-of-view than earlier generations of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich instruments. The TES bolometers have a median sensitivity of 890 μK CMB math (NEy of 3.5 × 10−4 math). We have also demonstrated upgraded detectors with improved sensitivity of 530 μK CMB math (NEy of 2.2 × 10−4 math). Since its commissioning in April 2007, APEX-SZ has been used to map 48 clusters. We describe the design of the receiver and its performance when installed on the APEX telescope.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Physics and Astronomy
Subjects:	Q Science > QB Astronomy
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Astronomical telescopes ; Bolometers ; Clusters of galaxies ; Cosmology ; Cryogenics ; Focal planes ; Frequency-domain analysis ; Millimetre wave receivers ; Sorption
Additional Information:	24 pages.
Publisher:	American Institute of Physics
ISSN:	0034-6748
Last Modified:	20 Oct 2022 08:30
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/28555

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