Reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial sensitivity to oxidative stress determine induction of cancer cell death by p21

Masgras, I., Carrera, S., de Verdier, P. J., Brennan, Paul ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-0499, Majid, A., Makhtar, W., Tulchinsky, E., Jones, G. D. D., Roninson, I. B. and Macip, S. 2012. Reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial sensitivity to oxidative stress determine induction of cancer cell death by p21. Journal of Biological Chemistry 287 (13) , pp. 9845-9854. 10.1074/jbc.M111.250357

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Abstract

p21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that mediates cell cycle arrest. Prolonged p21 up-regulation induces a senescent phenotype in normal and cancer cells, accompanied by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, it has been shown recently that p21 expression can also lead to cell death in certain models. The mechanisms involved in this process are not fully understood. Here, we describe an induction of apoptosis by p21 in sarcoma cell lines that is p53-independent and can be ameliorated with antioxidants. Similar levels of p21 and ROS caused senescence in the absence of significant death in other cancer cell lines, suggesting a cell-specific response. We also found that cells undergoing p21-dependent cell death had higher sensitivity to oxidants and a specific pattern of mitochondrial polarization changes. Consistent with this, apoptosis could be blocked with targeted expression of catalase in the mitochondria of these cells. We propose that the balance between cancer cell death and arrest after p21 up-regulation depends on the specific effects of p21-induced ROS on the mitochondria. This suggests that selective up-regulation of p21 in cancer cells could be a successful therapeutic intervention for sarcomas and tumors with lower resistance to mitochondrial oxidative damage, regardless of p53 status.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	apoptosis, cancer therapy, oxidative stress, p53, reactive oxygen species (ROS), senescence, p21
Publisher:	American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
ISSN:	0021-9258
Last Modified:	21 Oct 2022 10:59
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/42016

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