Making bas-reliefs from photographs of human faces

Wu, Jing ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5123-9861, Martin, Ralph Robert, Rosin, Paul L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3884, Sun, Xianfang ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-0766, Langbein, Frank Curd ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-0323, Lai, Yukun ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2094-5680, Marshall, Andrew David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-1395 and Liu, Y.- H. 2013. Making bas-reliefs from photographs of human faces. Computer-Aided Design 45 (3) , pp. 671-682. 10.1016/j.cad.2012.11.002

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Abstract

Bas-reliefs are a form of flattened artwork, part-way between 3D sculpture and 2D painting. Recent research has considered automatic bas-relief generation from 3D scenes. However, little work has addressed the generation of bas-reliefs from 2D images. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically generate bas-relief surfaces from frontal photographs of human faces, with potential applications to e.g. coinage and commemorative medals. Our method has two steps. Starting from a photograph of a human face, we first generate a plausible image of a bas-relief of the same face. Secondly, we apply shape-from-shading to this generated bas-relief image to determine the 3D shape of the final bas-relief. To model the mapping from an input photograph to the image of a corresponding bas-relief, we use a feedforward network. The training data comprises images generated from an input 3D model of a face, and images generated from a corresponding bas-relief; the latter is produced by an existing 3D model-to-bas-relief algorithm. A saliency map of the face controls both model building, and bas-relief generation. Our experimental results demonstrate that the generated bas-relief surfaces are smooth and plausible, with correct global geometric nature, the latter giving them a stable appearance under changes of viewing direction and illumination.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Computer Science & Informatics
Subjects:	Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA76 Computer software
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bas-relief; Photograph; Feedforward network; Image relighting; Shape from shading
Additional Information:	Pdf uploaded in accordance with publisher's policy at http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/0010-4485/ (accessed 23/10/14). NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Computer-Aided Design. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Computer-Aided Design, [VOL 45, ISSUE 3, 2013] DOI 10.1016/j.cad.2012.11.002
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0010-4485
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 March 2016
Last Modified:	07 Nov 2023 05:58
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/42170

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