Investigation of steric influences on hydrogen-bonding motifs in cyclic ureas by using x-ray, neutron, and computational methods

McCormick, Laura J., McDonnell-Worth, Ciaran, Platts, James Alexis ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1008-6595, Edwards, Alison J. and Turner, David R. 2013. Investigation of steric influences on hydrogen-bonding motifs in cyclic ureas by using x-ray, neutron, and computational methods. Chemistry - An Asian Journal 8 (11) , pp. 2642-2651. 10.1002/asia.201300530

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Abstract

A series of urea-derived heterocycles, 5N-substituted hexahydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-ones, has been prepared and their structures have been determined for the first time. This family of compounds only differ in their substituent at the 5-position (which is derived from the corresponding primary amine), that is, methyl (1), ethyl (2), isopropyl (3), tert-butyl (4), benzyl (5), N,N-(diethyl)ethylamine (6), and 2-hydroxyethyl (7). The common heterocyclic core of these molecules is a cyclic urea, which has the potential to form a hydrogen-bonding tape motif that consists of self-associative equation image(8) dimers. The results from X-ray crystallography and, where possible, Laue neutron crystallography show that the hydrogen-bonding motifs that are observed and the planarity of the hydrogen bonds appear to depend on the steric hindrance at the α-carbon atom of the N substituent. With the less-hindered substituents, methyl and ethyl, the anticipated tape motif is observed. When additional methyl groups are added onto the α-carbon atom, as in the isopropyl and tert-butyl derivatives, a different 2D hydrogen-bonding motif is observed. Despite the bulkiness of the substituents, the benzyl and N,N-(diethyl)ethylamine derivatives have methylene units at the α-carbon atom and, therefore, display the tape motif. The introduction of a competing hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor in the 2-hydroxyethyl derivative disrupts the tape motif, with a hydroxy group interrupting the N[BOND]H⋅⋅⋅O[DOUBLE BOND]C interactions. The geometry around the hydrogen-bearing nitrogen atoms, whether planar or non-planar, has been confirmed for compounds 2 and 5 by using Laue neutron diffraction and rationalized by using computational methods, thus demonstrating that distortion of O-C-N-H torsion angles occurs to maintain almost-linear hydrogen-bonding interactions.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Professional Services > Advanced Research Computing @ Cardiff (ARCCA) Schools > Chemistry
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry
Additional Information:	computational chemistry; hydrogen bonds; neutron diffraction; self-assembly; supramolecular chemistry
Publisher:	Wiley-Blackwell
ISSN:	1861-4728
Last Modified:	25 Oct 2022 09:07
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/57297

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