Enhanced in vitro transdermal delivery of caffeine using a temperature- and pH-sensitive nanogel, poly(NIPAM-co-AAc)

Abu Samah, Nor Hayati and Heard, Charles Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9703-9777 2013. Enhanced in vitro transdermal delivery of caffeine using a temperature- and pH-sensitive nanogel, poly(NIPAM-co-AAc). International Journal of Pharmaceutics 453 (2) , pp. 630-640. 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.042

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Abstract

Temperature- and pH-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPAM) copolymerised with 5% (w/v) of acrylic acid (AAc), termed as poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) nanogel was investigated as a novel multi-responsive topical drug delivery carrier, using caffeine as a model permeant. The role of a pH modulator (citric acid) on the nanogel system was also studied. The loading was carried out in deionised water at two different temperatures, which were 2–4 °C and 25 °C (room temperature, RT) over 3 days. The loading of caffeine into the poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) nanogel was found to be significantly higher at 2–4 °C than at RT (p = 0.0072). As for the control nanogel (polyNIPAM), a similar pattern of loading level can be observed (p = 0.0005). This enhanced loading at low temperatures could be attributed to the hydrophilic behaviour of the polyNIPAM network in response to temperatures lower than its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In vitro diffusion studies across epidermis porcine skin were carried out at 32 °C for the saturated solution of caffeine as well as caffeine-loaded poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) and polyNIPAM nanogels. The in vitro permeation data of caffeine-loaded poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) at 2–4 °C were shown to enhance the delivery of the loaded caffeine across the epidermis in comparison to the saturated solution of caffeine, by 3.5 orders of magnitude. Additionally, the study demonstrated that the effect of pH modulator on the release of loaded permeant was insignificant.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Pharmacy
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0378-5173
Last Modified:	25 Oct 2022 09:59
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/60720

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