Controlled large-scale tests of practical grounding electrodes--part II: comparison of analytical and numerical predictions with experimental results

Clark, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1090-2361, Guo, Dongsheng, Lathi, D., Harid, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-1895, Griffiths, H., Ainsley, Alan and Haddad, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4153-6146 2014. Controlled large-scale tests of practical grounding electrodes--part II: comparison of analytical and numerical predictions with experimental results. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 29 (3) , pp. 1240-1248. 10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2298358

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Abstract

This paper presents tests carried out at an outdoor experimental facility, described in the companion Part 1 paper, to investigate the performance of practical grounding systems. Here, the results of low-voltage dc, ac, and impulse tests performed on rod and grid electrodes are described, and the measured quantities are compared with computed values obtained from numerical models. Measured ground resistance and impedance at low frequency (including power frequency) showed reasonable agreement with simple standard formulae and computational models, but revealed a significant falloff with current magnitude in the range often used for practical testing of high-voltage grounding systems. This may have implications for the specifications of grounding test equipment and extrapolation of measured ground resistance/impedance at low-voltage/current to values representative of realistic fault currents. A frequency dependence of ground impedance was also measured. Specifically, a fall in impedance over a frequency range up to 100 kHz is not generally accounted for in grounding models.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Engineering
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Publisher:	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
ISSN:	0885-8977
Funders:	National Grid
Last Modified:	27 Oct 2022 09:22
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/65416

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