Sorbitol dehydration into isosorbide in a molten salt hydrate medium

Li, J., Spina, A., Moulijn, Jacob and Makkee, M 2013. Sorbitol dehydration into isosorbide in a molten salt hydrate medium. Catalysis Science & Technology 3 (6) , pp. 1540-1546. 10.1039/C3CY20809E

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Abstract

The sorbitol conversion in a molten salt hydrate medium (ZnCl2; 70 wt% in water) was studied. Dehydration is the main reaction, initially 1,4- and 3,6-anhydrosorbitol are the main products that are subsequently converted into isosorbide; two other anhydrohexitols, (1,5- and 2,5-), formed are in less amounts and do not undergo further dehydration. Besides dehydration, depending on the temperature, sorbitol was partly epimerized into galactitol, which was further converted to anhydrohexitols or di-anhydrohexitols (mainly isoidide). Epimerization of galactitol into sorbitol was not observed. Temperature (150 to 220 °C) is a crucial factor; at low temperature the reaction rate is low but the selectivity is high, at elevated temperature (over 200 °C) the rate is high but extensive amounts of byproducts were produced. At the optimal temperature range, without using any co-catalysts, full conversion is achieved, and the isosorbide percent yield is above 85% on a molar basis; (1,5- and 2,5-) anhydrohexitols are the major byproducts. The sorbitol conversion reaction pathway has been investigated.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Chemistry
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry
Publisher:	Royal Society of Chemistry
ISSN:	2044-4753
Date of Acceptance:	6 March 2013
Last Modified:	04 Jun 2017 08:12
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/74318

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