Particulate matter from both heavy fuel oil and diesel fuel shipping emissions show strong biological effects on human lung cells at realistic and comparable in vitro exposure conditions

Oeder, Sebastian, Kanashova, Tamara, Sippula, Olli, Sapcariu, Sean C., Streibel, Thorsten, Arteaga-Salas, Jose Manuel, Passig, Johannes, Dilger, Marco, Paur, Hanns-Rudolf, Schlager, Christoph, Mülhopt, Sonja, Diabaté, Silvia, Weiss, Carsten, Stengel, Benjamin, Rabe, Rom, Harndorf, Horst, Torvela, Tiina, Jokiniemi, Jorma K., Hirvonen, Maija-Riitta, Schmidt-Weber, Carsten, Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia, Berube, Kelly Ann ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-7229, Wlodarczyk, Anna Julia, Prytherch, Zoe Cariad ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0690-0184, Michalke, Bernhard, Krebs, Tobias, Prévôt, André S. H., Kelbg, Michael, Tiggesbäumker, Josef, Karg, Erwin, Jakobi, Gert, Scholtes, Sorana, Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen, Lintelmann, Jutta, Matuschek, Georg, Sklorz, Martin, Klingbeil, Sophie, Orasche, Jürgen, Richthammer, Patrick, Müller, Laarnie, Elsasser, Michael, Reda, Ahmed, Gröger, Thomas, Weggler, Benedikt, Schwemer, Theo, Czech, Hendryk, Rüger, Christopher P., Abbaszade, Gülcin, Radischat, Christian, Hiller, Karsten, Buters, Jeroen T. M., Dittmar, Gunnar and Zimmermann, Ralf 2015. Particulate matter from both heavy fuel oil and diesel fuel shipping emissions show strong biological effects on human lung cells at realistic and comparable in vitro exposure conditions. PLoS ONE 10 (6) , e0126536. 10.1371/journal.pone.0126536

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Abstract

Background Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases especially in coastal regions worldwide. Known cellular responses to combustion particles include oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling. Objectives To provide a molecular link between the chemical and physical characteristics of ship emission particles and the cellular responses they elicit and to identify potentially harmful fractions in shipping emission aerosols. Methods Through an air-liquid interface exposure system, we exposed human lung cells under realistic in vitro conditions to exhaust fumes from a ship engine running on either common heavy fuel oil (HFO) or cleaner-burning diesel fuel (DF). Advanced chemical analyses of the exhaust aerosols were combined with transcriptional, proteomic and metabolomic profiling including isotope labelling methods to characterise the lung cell responses. Results The HFO emissions contained high concentrations of toxic compounds such as metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and were higher in particle mass. These compounds were lower in DF emissions, which in turn had higher concentrations of elemental carbon (“soot”). Common cellular reactions included cellular stress responses and endocytosis. Reactions to HFO emissions were dominated by oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, whereas DF emissions induced generally a broader biological response than HFO emissions and affected essential cellular pathways such as energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and chromatin modification. Conclusions Despite a lower content of known toxic compounds, combustion particles from the clean shipping fuel DF influenced several essential pathways of lung cell metabolism more strongly than particles from the unrefined fuel HFO. This might be attributable to a higher soot content in DF. Thus the role of diesel soot, which is a known carcinogen in acute air pollution-induced health effects should be further investigated. For the use of HFO and DF we recommend a reduction of carbonaceous soot in the ship emissions by implementation of filtration devices.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Biosciences
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology
Additional Information:	© 2015 Oeder et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Publisher:	Public Library of Science
ISSN:	1932-6203
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 March 2016
Date of Acceptance:	2 April 2015
Last Modified:	16 Sep 2023 00:59
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/74356

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