Effects of Prostaglandin F2a on adipocyte biology relevant to graves' orbitopathy

Draman, Mohd, Grennan-Jones, Fiona, Zhang, Lei ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3536-8692, Taylor, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-422X, Tun, T., McDermott, J., Moriarty, P., Morris, D., Lane, C., Sreenan, S., Dayan, Colin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6557-3462 and Ludgate, Marian Elizabeth 2013. Effects of Prostaglandin F2a on adipocyte biology relevant to graves' orbitopathy. Thyroid: official journal of the American Thyroid Association 23 (12) , pp. 1600-1608. 10.1089/thy.2013.0194

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Abstract

Background: In Graves' orbitopathy (GO), increased proliferation, excess adipogenesis, and hyaluronan overproduction produce GO exophthalmos. Enophthalmos occurs in some glaucoma patients treated with Bimatoprost (prostaglandin F2α, PGF2α) eye drops. We hypothesized that enophthalmos is secondary to reductions in orbital tissue proliferation, adipogenesis, and/or increased lipolysis. We aimed to determine which of these is affected by PGF2α by using the 3T3-L1 murine preadipocyte cell line and primary human orbital fibroblasts (OFs) from GO patients (n=5) and non-GO (n=5). Methods: 3T3-L1 cells and orbital OFs were cultured alone or with PGF2α (all experiments used 10 -8 to 10-6 M) and counted on days 1/2/3 or 5, respectively; cell cycle analysis (flow cytometry) was applied. Adipogenesis (in the presence/absence of PGF2α) was evaluated (day 7 or 15 for 3T3-L1 and primary cells, respectively) morphologically by Oil Red O staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurement of adipogenesis markers (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lipoprotein lipase, respectively). For lipolysis, in vitro-differentiated 3T3-L1 or mature orbital adipocytes were incubated with norepinephrine and PGF2α and free glycerol was assayed. Appropriate statistical tests were applied. Results: The population doubling time of 3T3-L1 was 27.3±1.4 hours - significantly increased by dimethyl sulfoxide 0.02% to 44.6±4.8 hours (p=0.007) and further significantly increased (p=0.049 compared with dimethyl sulfoxide) by 10 -8 M PGF2α to 93.6±19.0 hours, indicating reduced proliferation, which was caused by prolongation of G2/M. GO OFs proliferated significantly more rapidly than non-GO (population doubling time 5.36±0.34 or 6.63±0.35 days, respectively, p=0.035), but the proliferation of both was significantly reduced (dose dependent from 10 -8 M) by PGF2α, again with prolongation of G2/M. Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells was minimally affected by PGF2α when assessed morphologically, but the drug significantly reduced transcripts of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase differentiation marker. GO OFs displayed significantly higher adipogenic potential than non-GO, but in both populations, adipogenesis, evaluated by all 3 methods, was significantly reduced (dose dependent from 10-8 M) by PGF2α. There was no effect of PGF2α on basal or norepinephrine-induced lipolysis, in 3T3-L1 or human OFs, either GO or non-GO. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that PGF2α significantly reduces proliferation and adipogenesis and that human OFs are more sensitive to its effects than 3T3-L1. Consequently, PGF2α could be effective in the treatment of GO.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine Systems Immunity Research Institute (SIURI)
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > RZ Other systems of medicine
Uncontrolled Keywords:	3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Dinoprost; Fibroblasts; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Humans; Lipolysis; Mice
Publisher:	Mary Ann Liebert
ISSN:	1050-7256
Last Modified:	05 Oct 2023 01:23
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/76216

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