On the analysis of impulse test results on grounding systems

Harid, Noureddine, Griffiths, Huw, Mousa, Salah, Robson, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3156-1487, Clark, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1090-2361 and Haddad, Abderrahmane ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4153-6146 2015. On the analysis of impulse test results on grounding systems. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 51 (6) , pp. 5324-5334. 10.1109/TIA.2015.2442517

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Abstract

In this paper, an analysis of experimental results on the behaviour under impulse currents of various grounding electrodes: rod and horizontal electrodes, a ground grid and tower footings is presented. The parameters used for analysing transient performance are reviewed and differences highlighted based on test data. The analysis is extended to (i) quantify the effect of impulse shape, (ii) quantify the effect of current magnitude, (iii) compare low-frequency and impulse performances, (iv) compare impulse and high frequency performances, and (v) examine the effects of the test-set up on measured results, e.g. in the case of field tests, the effect of current return leads, and proximity and extent of return electrodes. A generalized impulse index is introduced to help elucidate the differences between different parameters used for the analysis of transient test results on ground electrodes. It is found that the analysis of test data based on different parameters may lead to different assessment of impulse performance. The results also show that the impulse parameters used for the analysis of test data can be influenced by several factors such as electrode length, impulse current rise time and the experimental set up. In addition, variable-frequency test results are analysed by introducing a “harmonic coefficient” which quantifies the deviations of the harmonic impedance from the low-frequency resistance over different frequency ranges covering the entire lightning frequency spectrum. Significant variations of the harmonic coefficient with frequency were observed, highlighting the importance of taking the frequency-dependence of soil properties when modelling impulse and high-frequency behaviour of grounding systems.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Engineering
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Publisher:	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ISSN:	0093-9994
Funders:	National Grid
Last Modified:	16 Nov 2022 08:17
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/76530

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