A smart device inertial-sensing method for gait analysis

Steins, Dax, Sheret, Ian, Dawes, Helen, Esser, Patrick and Collett, Johnny 2014. A smart device inertial-sensing method for gait analysis. Journal of Biomechanics 47 (15) , pp. 3780-3785. 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.06.014

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to establish and cross-validate a method for analyzing gait patterns determined by the center of mass (COM) through inertial sensors embedded in smart devices. The method employed an extended Kalman filter in conjunction with a quaternion rotation matrix approach to transform accelerations from the object onto the global frame. Derived by double integration, peak-to-trough changes in vertical COM position captured by a motion capture system, inertial measurement unit, and smart device were compared in terms of averaged and individual steps. The inter-rater reliability and levels of agreement for systems were discerned through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots. ICCs corresponding to inter-rater reliability were good-to-excellent for position data (ICCs,.80–.95) and acceleration data (ICCs,.54–.81). Levels of agreements were moderate for position data (LOA, 3.1–19.3%) and poor for acceleration data (LOA, 6.8%–17.8%). The Bland–Altman plots, however, revealed a small systematic error, in which peak-to-trough changes in vertical COM position were underestimated by 2.2 mm; the Kalman filter׳s accuracy requires further investigation to minimize this oversight. More importantly, however, the study׳s preliminary results indicate that the smart device allows for reliable COM measurements, opening up a cost-effective, user-friendly, and popular solution for remotely monitoring movement. The long-term impact of the smart device method on patient rehabilitation and therapy cannot be underestimated: not only could healthcare expenditures be curbed (smart devices being more affordable than today‘s motion sensors), but a more refined grasp of individual functioning, activity, and participation within everyday life could be attained.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Medicine
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0021-9290
Date of Acceptance:	10 June 2014
Last Modified:	27 Mar 2019 16:57
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/79411

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