George, Christopher H. and Edwards, David H.
2016.
Decoding Ca2+ signals as a non-electrophysiological method for assessing drug toxicity in stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
Clements, Michael and Roquemore, Elizabeth P., eds.
Stem Cell-derived models in Toxicology,
Springer,
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Abstract
We describe a new method to profile the Ca2+ signalling fingerprint of stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CM) under drug-naïve and drug-exposed conditions. This method, termed SALVO, takes into account 1) the quantification of very low amplitude Ca2+ fluxes that occur between large Ca2+ spikes, that in the absence of any effect on Ca2+ spikes per se, may have a profound impact on cell phenotype, and 2) the statistical assessment of the variability in the amplitude and temporal components of Ca2+ spike trains. In a previous study, SALVO identified the potential cardiovascular (CV) risk of drugs that had no measurable impact on cellular electrophysiological profile and also yielded a toxicity score that exhibited a better correlation with human QT prolongation liabilities than other conventional electrophysiological readouts. This chapter sets out a step-by-step protocol for establishing phenotypically-consistent CM populations and our method for performing the Ca2+ signalling analysis in which the output data are reconciled with phenotypic endpoints (e.g. cytotoxicity and susceptibility to apoptosis). We present a worked example using two drugs that disrupt Ca2+ signalling via different mechanisms; drug A causes the cessation of spontaneous Ca2+ oscillation via progressive attenuation in Ca2+ spike amplitude whereas drug B elicits different periodic behaviour. Both drugs have comparable effects on the frequency of Ca2+ spikes, but SALVO analysis discriminates their actions. An extensive set of notes is included that will help the reader reproduce our methods with high fidelity.
Item Type: | Book Section |
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Date Type: | Published Online |
Status: | In Press |
Schools: | Medicine |
Subjects: | R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology |
Publisher: | Springer |
Funders: | British Heart Foundation |
Date of First Compliant Deposit: | 30 June 2016 |
Last Modified: | 28 Jun 2019 02:47 |
URI: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/91953 |
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