Identification of the catalytically active component of Cu–Zr–O catalyst for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone

Ishikawa, Satoshi, Jones, Daniel R., Iqbal, Sarwat, Reece, Christian, Morgan, David J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-5731, Willock, David J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-1090, Miedziak, Peter J., Bartley, Jonathan K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4640-541X, Edwards, Jennifer K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2827, Murayama, Toru, Ueda, Wataru and Hutchings, Graham J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-1560 2017. Identification of the catalytically active component of Cu–Zr–O catalyst for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone. Green Chemistry 19 (1) , pp. 225-236. 10.1039/C6GC02598F

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Abstract

Cu–ZrO2 catalysts were synthesized by the methanothermal (Me) and oxalate gel precipitation (Og) methods. Detailed characterization of the catalysts synthesized by the Me method shows that these contain only Cu substituted into the tetragonal ZrO2 lattice. For catalysts prepared using the Og method Cu is found not only in the tetragonal ZrO2 lattice but also in the form of CuO particles on the zirconia surface. When these materials were tested for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) it was found that Me materials show no catalytic activity, whereas GVL was formed using Og catalysts. A reduction treatment of the Og catalysts prior to use resulted in a marked increase in the catalytic activity, however, no activity increase was observed when the Me material was exposed to a similar treatment before testing. Based on these results and characterization data, we conclude that the catalytically active component of Cu–ZrO2 catalysts for the hydrogenation of LA is reduced Cu particles dispersed on the catalyst surface with strong interaction with the Cu incorporated zirconia support, while the role of Cu in the zirconia lattice is to improve the adhesion of these particles and maintain their dispersion.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Advanced Research Computing @ Cardiff (ARCCA) Chemistry Cardiff Catalysis Institute (CCI)
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry
Publisher:	Royal Society of Chemistry
ISSN:	1463-9262
Funders:	European Union FP7
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	7 February 2017
Date of Acceptance:	27 October 2016
Last Modified:	05 Nov 2024 19:15
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/98104

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