Protein isotope effects in dihydrofolate reductase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus show entropic-enthalpic com-pensatory effects on the rate constant

Luk, Louis Y. P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7864-6261, Ruiz-Pernia, J. Javier, Dawson, William M., Loveridge, E. Joel, Tuñón, Iñaki, Moliner, Vicent and Allemann, Rudolf K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1323-8830 2014. Protein isotope effects in dihydrofolate reductase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus show entropic-enthalpic com-pensatory effects on the rate constant. Journal of the American Chemical Society 136 (49) , pp. 17317-17323. 10.1021/ja5102536

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Abstract

Catalysis by dihydrofolate reductase from the moderately thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus (BsDHFR) was investigated by isotope substitution of the enzyme. The enzyme kinetic isotope effect for hydride transfer was close to unity at physiological temperatures but increased with decreasing temperatures to a value of 1.65 at 5 ºC. This behavior is opposite to that observed for DHFR from Escherichia coli (EcDHFR), where the enzyme kinetic isotope effect increased slightly with increasing temperature. These experimental results were reproduced in the framework of Variational Transition State Theory that includes a dynamical recrossing coefficient that varies with the mass of the protein. Our simulations indicate that BsDHFR has greater flexibility than EcDHFR on the ps-ns timescale, which affects the coupling of the environmental motions of the protein to the chemical coordinate and consequently to the recrossing trajectories on the reaction barrier. The intensity of the dynamic coupling in DHFRs is influenced by compensatory temperature-dependent factors, namely the enthalpic barrier needed to achieve an ideal transition-state configuration with minimal non-productive trajectories and the protein disorder that disrupts the electrostatic preorganization required to stabilize the transition state. Together with our previous studies of other DHFRs, the results presented here provide a general explanation why protein dynamic effects vary between enzymes. Our theoretical treatment demonstrates that these effects can be satisfactorily reproduced by including a transmission coefficient in the rate constant calculation, whose dependence on temperature is affected by the protein flexibility.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Chemistry
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry
Publisher:	American Chemical Society
ISSN:	0002-7863
Funders:	BBSRC
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 March 2016
Last Modified:	10 May 2023 22:24
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/67687

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