Lack of heterologous cross-reactivity toward HLA-A*02:01 restricted viral epitopes is underpinned by distinct αβT cell receptor signatures

Grant, Emma J., Josephs, Tracy M., Valkenburg, Sophie A., Wooldridge, Linda, Hellard, Margaret, Rossjohn, Jamie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-7522, Bharadwaj, Mandvi, Kedzierska, Katherine and Gras, Stephanie 2016. Lack of heterologous cross-reactivity toward HLA-A*02:01 restricted viral epitopes is underpinned by distinct αβT cell receptor signatures. Journal of Biological Chemistry 291 (47) 10.1074/jbc.M116.753988

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Abstract

αβT cell receptor (TCR) genetic diversity is outnumbered by the quantity of pathogenic epitopes to be recognized. To provide efficient protective anti-viral immunity, a single TCR ideally needs to cross-react with a multitude of pathogenic epitopes. However, the frequency, extent, and mechanisms of TCR cross-reactivity remain unclear, with conflicting results on anti-viral T cell cross-reactivity observed in humans. Namely, both the presence and lack of T cell cross-reactivity have been reported with HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitopes from the Epstein-Barr and influenza viruses (BMLF-1 and M158, respectively) or with the hepatitis C and influenza viruses (NS31073 and NA231, respectively). Given the high sequence similarity of these paired viral epitopes (56 and 88%, respectively), the ubiquitous nature of the three viruses, and the high frequency of the HLA-A*02:01 allele, we selected these epitopes to establish the extent of T cell cross-reactivity. We combined ex vivo and in vitro functional assays, single-cell αβTCR repertoire sequencing, and structural analysis of these four epitopes in complex with HLA-A*02:01 to determine whether they could lead to heterologous T cell cross-reactivity. Our data show that sequence similarity does not translate to structural mimicry of the paired epitopes in complexes with HLA-A*02:01, resulting in induction of distinct αβTCR repertoires. The differences in epitope architecture might be an obstacle for TCR recognition, explaining the lack of T cell cross-reactivity observed. In conclusion, sequence similarity does not necessarily result in structural mimicry, and despite the need for cross-reactivity, antigen-specific TCR repertoires can remain highly specific.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Medicine
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Publisher:	American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
ISSN:	0021-9258
Last Modified:	21 Oct 2022 07:30
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/100004

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