Characteristics of slow progression to diabetes in multiple islet autoantibody-positive individuals from five longitudinal cohorts: the SNAIL study

Long, Anna E., Wilson, Isabel V., Becker, Dorothy J., Libman, Ingrid M., Arena, Vincent C., Wong, Florence Susan ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-8845, Steck, Andrea K., Rewers, Marian J., Yu, Liping, Achenbach, Peter, Casas, Rosaura, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Williams, Alistair J. K. and Gillespie, Kathleen M. 2018. Characteristics of slow progression to diabetes in multiple islet autoantibody-positive individuals from five longitudinal cohorts: the SNAIL study. Diabetologia 61 (6) , pp. 1484-1490. 10.1007/s00125-018-4591-5

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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis Multiple islet autoimmunity increases risk of diabetes, but not all individuals positive for two or more islet autoantibodies progress to disease within a decade. Major islet autoantibodies recognise insulin (IAA), GAD (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A). Here we describe the baseline characteristics of a unique cohort of ‘slow progressors’ (n = 132) who were positive for multiple islet autoantibodies (IAA, GADA, IA-2A or ZnT8A) but did not progress to diabetes within 10 years. Methods Individuals were identified from five studies (BABYDIAB, Germany; Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young [DAISY], USA; All Babies in Southeast Sweden [ABIS], Sweden; Bart’s Oxford Family Study [BOX], UK and the Pittsburgh Family Study, USA). Multiple islet autoantibody characteristics were determined using harmonised assays where possible. HLA class II risk was compared between slow progressors and rapid progressors (n = 348 diagnosed <5 years old from BOX) using the χ2 test. Results In the first available samples with detectable multiple antibodies, the most frequent autoantibodies were GADA (92%), followed by ZnT8A (62%), IAA (59%) and IA-2A (41%). High risk HLA class II genotypes were less frequent in slow (28%) than rapid progressors (42%, p = 0.011), but only two slow progressors carried the protective HLA DQ6 allele. Conclusion No distinguishing characteristics of slow progressors at first detection of multiple antibodies have yet been identified. Continued investigation of these individuals may provide insights into slow progression that will inform future efforts to slow or prevent progression to clinical diabetes.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Publisher:	Springer Verlag (Germany)
ISSN:	0012-186X
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	22 March 2018
Date of Acceptance:	9 February 2018
Last Modified:	14 Nov 2024 07:00
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/110091

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