Genetic influences on viral-induced cytokine responses in the lung

Forbester, Jessica L. and Humphreys, Ian R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9512-5337 2021. Genetic influences on viral-induced cytokine responses in the lung. Mucosal Immunology 14 , pp. 14-25. 10.1038/s41385-020-00355-6

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Abstract

Infection with respiratory viruses such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and coronavirus provides a difficult immunological challenge for the host, where a balance must be established between controlling viral replication and limiting damage to the delicate lung structure. Although the genetic architecture of host responses to respiratory viral infections is not yet understood, it is clear there is underlying heritability that influences pathogenesis. Immune control of virus replication is essential in respiratory infections, but overt activation can enhance inflammation and disease severity. Cytokines initiate antiviral immune responses but are implicated in viral pathogenesis. Here, we discuss how host genetic variation may influence cytokine responses to respiratory viral infections and, based on our current understanding of the role that cytokines play in viral pathogenesis, how this may influence disease severity. We also discuss how induced pluripotent stem cells may be utilised to probe the mechanistic implications of allelic variation in genes in virus-induced inflammatory responses. Ultimately, this could help to design better immune modulators, stratify high risk patients and tailor anti-inflammatory treatments, potentially expanding the ability to treat respiratory virus outbreaks in the future.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Additional Information:	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
ISSN:	1933-0219
Funders:	Wellcome Trust
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	2 December 2020
Date of Acceptance:	20 October 2020
Last Modified:	04 May 2023 17:53
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/136720

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