The biosynthesis of enzymatically oxidized lipids

Hajeyah, Ali A., Griffiths, William J., Wang, Yuqin, Finch, Andrew J. and O'Donnell, Valerie B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-8460 2020. The biosynthesis of enzymatically oxidized lipids. Frontiers in Endocrinology 11 , 591819. 10.3389/fendo.2020.591819

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Abstract

Enzymatically oxidized lipids are a specific group of biomolecules that function as key signaling mediators and hormones, regulating various cellular and physiological processes from metabolism and cell death to inflammation and the immune response. They are broadly categorized as either polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) containing (free acid oxygenated PUFA “oxylipins”, endocannabinoids, oxidized phospholipids) or cholesterol derivatives (oxysterols, steroid hormones, and bile acids). Their biosynthesis is accomplished by families of enzymes that include lipoxygenases (LOX), cyclooxygenases (COX), cytochrome P450s (CYP), and aldo-keto reductases (AKR). In contrast, non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation and are broadly considered to be harmful. Here, we provide an overview of the biochemistry and enzymology of LOXs, COXs, CYPs, and AKRs in humans. Next, we present biosynthetic pathways for oxylipins, oxidized phospholipids, oxysterols, bile acids and steroid hormones. Last, we address gaps in knowledge and suggest directions for future work.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Publisher:	Frontiers Media
ISSN:	1664-2392
Funders:	Wellcome Trust
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	20 March 2023
Date of Acceptance:	26 October 2020
Last Modified:	06 Jan 2024 04:38
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157821

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