The Cardiff Dental Survey: oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal health in relation to smoking in young adults

Hunter, Laura J., Newcombe, Robert ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4400-8867, Richmond, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5449-5318, Owens, J. and Addy, Liam D. 2008. The Cardiff Dental Survey: oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal health in relation to smoking in young adults. International Journal of Dental Hygiene 6 (3) , pp. 199-204. 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2008.00311.x

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between tobacco smoking, oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal health in young adults. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional (conducted in the course of a cohort study). SETTING: Cardiff, UK, 1989 and 2000. METHODS: Plaque was recorded, as was presence or absence of bleeding on probing and loss of attachment (LA). Information concerning tobacco smoking was obtained from questionnaire data. RESULTS: At age 19-20 years, smokers had statistically significantly (P < 0.01) higher whole mouth mean plaque scores than non-smokers. Whole mouth mean bleeding scores, however, were similar in smokers and non-smokers. The relationship of plaque to smoking was very similar at age 30-31, yet bleeding scores were approximately 25% lower in smokers than in non-smokers (P < 0.01). Whole mouth LA scores showed small, statistically non-significant differences between smokers and non-smokers. At the age of 30-31 years, gender and social class had a negligible confounding effect on oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal health in smokers and non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Smokers consistently demonstrated poorer oral hygiene than non-smokers. The effect of smoking in reducing gingival bleeding was already apparent at age 19-20 years despite the fact that, at this time, subjects might be assumed to have been exposed to a relatively small dose of tobacco over a short period of time. In the follow-up study conducted at the age of 30-31 years, the impact of smoking on the periodontal tissues was, as expected, more pronounced.

Item Type:	Article
Status:	Published
Schools:	Pharmacy Dentistry Medicine
Last Modified:	18 Oct 2022 13:55
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/15892

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