Tracking inflammation status for improving patient prognosis: A review of current methods, unmet clinical needs and opportunities.

Raju, Vidya, Reddy, Revanth, Javan, Arzhang Cyrus, Hajihossainlou, Behnam, Weissleder, Ralph, Guiseppi-Elie, Anthony, Kurabayashi, Katsuo, Jones, Simon A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7297-9711 and Faghih, Rose T. 2025. Tracking inflammation status for improving patient prognosis: A review of current methods, unmet clinical needs and opportunities. Biotechnology Advances 82 , 108592. 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108592

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Abstract

Inflammation is the body's response to infection, trauma or injury and is activated in a coordinated fashion to ensure the restoration of tissue homeostasis and healthy physiology. This process requires communication between stromal cells resident to the tissue compartment and infiltrating immune cells which is dysregulated in disease. Clinical innovations in patient diagnosis and stratification include measures of inflammatory activation that support the assessment of patient prognosis and response to therapy. We propose that (i) the recent advances in fast, dynamic monitoring of inflammatory markers (e.g., cytokines) and (ii) data-dependent theoretical and computational modeling of inflammatory marker dynamics will enable the quantification of the inflammatory response, identification of optimal, disease-specific biomarkers and the design of personalized interventions to improve patient outcomes - multidisciplinary efforts in which biomedical engineers may potentially contribute. To illustrate these ideas, we describe the actions of cytokines, acute phase proteins and hormones in the inflammatory response and discuss their role in local wounds, COVID-19, cancer, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and aging, with a central focus on cardiac surgery. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities involved in tracking and modulating inflammation in clinical settings. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.]

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Medicine
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0734-9750
Date of Acceptance:	29 April 2025
Last Modified:	04 Jun 2025 08:30
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/178733

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