Control, modelling, and applications of dynamic wireless power transfer systems for electric vehicles

Jakubiak, Krzysztof ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-4697 2024. Control, modelling, and applications of dynamic wireless power transfer systems for electric vehicles. PhD Thesis, Cardiff University. Item availability restricted.

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Abstract

Reducing global carbon emissions is essential to addressing global warming, with multiple sectors requiring research into greener alternatives. The transport sector, as a significant contributor to net greenhouse gas emissions, has driven the development and deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and their supporting technologies. As the number of EVs grows, charging infrastructure must evolve. While charging technologies have advanced, distribution grid upgrades have lagged, limiting charger installations and falling short of public charging needs. As a result, home charging has become most common—but is not feasible for all users due to limited off-street parking, often leading to cables crossing sidewalks. To address this, alternative charging methods like wireless charging are being explored. Embedded systems in public parking could serve users without private driveways while keeping walkways clear. Wireless charging offers promise for stationary vehicles—such as buses and taxis at stops—and extends to Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT), enabling energy transfer while in motion. Still in early development, dynamic systems are an active research area, with modelling and control techniques continuing to mature. Current wireless charging efforts have focused on static systems and limited dynamic testing, often lacking simulation comparisons and omitting power delivery fluctuations.Circuit design typically centres on inductive coils, neglecting interaction with distribution grids. DWPT simulations can help refine control strategies and improve future system design. Power electronic systems usually target transient behaviour with simulation times of 1 µs to 1 ms. In contrast, DWPT simulations span 1–10 s to assess charging during vehicle motion. As future systems incorporate multiple primary and secondary coils to support longer roads and successive vehicles, system complexity and simulation time increase. Since total transferred power is more critical than microsecond-level detail, developing equivalent models becomes increasingly important. This thesis explores the modelling and control of dynamic wireless charging by first developing system models and control schemes, then advancing modelling techniques to significantly reduce simulation times through average modelling. Initial circuit analysis is used to build a representative model, which is then expanded to implement dynamic charging. Lab results validate factors such as coil type (copper vs. Litz wire) and travel speed, highlighting dynamic effects not captured by static analysis. Average modelling techniques achieve accurate system dynamics with only a 6% error while reducing simulation time by a factor of 30. Considering the potential impact of future charging technologies, Vehicle-to-grid (V2G)systems are examined to assess their potential for grid support and to minimize adverse effects on existing infrastructure. In parallel, the industrial development of an Automatic Connection Device for vehicle Under-body connection (ACDU) is undertaken in collaboration with IPFT to provide alternative charging methods.

Item Type:	Thesis (PhD)
Date Type:	Completion
Status:	Unpublished
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Uncontrolled Keywords:	1. Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) 2. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) 3. Electric Vehicles (EV) 4. Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) 5. Average modelling 6. Power electronics control 7. Coil design and misalignment 8. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) 9. Charging infrastructure
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	24 September 2025
Last Modified:	24 Sep 2025 09:44
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/181277

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