Unified and consistent structure growth measurements from joint ACT, SPT, and Planck CMB lensing

Qu, Frank J., Ge, Fei, Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Millea, Marius, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Anderes, Ethan, Anderson, Adam J., Ansarinejad, Behzad, Archipley, Melanie, Atkins, Zachary, Balkenhol, Lennart, Battaglia, Nicholas, Benabed, Karim, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Bianchini, Federico, Bleem, Lindsey. E., Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J. Richard, Bouchet, François. R., Bryant, Lincoln, Calabrese, Erminia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-0068, Camphuis, Etienne, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chaubal, Prakrut, Chen, Geoff, Chichura, Paul M., Choi, Steve K., Chokshi, Aman, Chou, Ti-Lin, Coerver, Anna, Coulton, William, Crawford, Thomas M., Daley, Cail, Darwish, Omar, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark J., Dibert, Karia R., Dobbs, Matthew A., Doohan, Michael, Doussot, Aristide, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Dunner, Rolando, Dutcher, Daniel, Villagra, Carmen Embil, Everett, Wendy, Farren, Gerrit S., Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Ferguson, Kyle R., Fichman, Kyra, Finson, Emily, Foster, Allen, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galli, Silvia, Gambrel, Anne E., Gardner, Rob W., Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guidi, Federica, Guns, Sam, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Matt, Hivon, Eric, Holder, Gilbert P., Holzapfel, William L., Hood, John C., Howe, Doug, Hryciuk, Alec, Huang, Nicholas, Hubmayr, Johannes, Kéruzoré, Florian, Khalife, Ali R., Kim, Joshua, Knox, Lloyd, Korman, Milo, Kornoelje, Kayla, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kuo, Chao-Lin, Jense, Hidde T., La Posta, Adrien, Levy, Kevin, Lowitz, Amy E., Louis, Thibaut, Lu, Chunyu, Lynch, Gabriel P., MacCrann, Niall, Maniyar, Abhishek, Martsen, Emily S., McMahon, Jeff, Menanteau, Felipe, Montgomery, Joshua, Nakato, Yuka, Moodley, Kavilan, Namikawa, Toshiya, Natoli, Tyler, Niemack, Michael D., Noble, Gavin I., Omori, Yuuki, Ouellette, Aaron, Page, Lyman A., Pan, Zhaodi, Paschos, Pascal, Phadke, Kedar A., Pollak, Alexander W., Prabhu, Karthik, Quan, Wei, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahimi, Mahsa, Rahlin, Alexandra, Reichardt, Christian L., Riebel, Dave, Rouble, Maclean, Ruhl, John E., Schaan, Emmanuel, Schiappucci, Eduardo, Sehgal, Neelima, Sierra, Carlos E., Simpson, Aidan, Sherwin, Blake D., Sifón, Cristóbal, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Sobrin, Joshua A., Stark, Antony A., Stephen, Judith, Tandoi, Chris, Thorne, Ben, Trendafilova, Cynthia, Umilta, Caterina, Van Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vitrier, Aline, Wan, Yujie, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Young, Matthew R. and Zebrowski, Jessica A. 2026. Unified and consistent structure growth measurements from joint ACT, SPT, and Planck CMB lensing. Physical Review Letters 136 (2) , 021001. 10.1103/k5yr-3h6d

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Abstract

We present the tightest cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing constraints to date on the growth of structure by combining CMB lensing measurements from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), the South Pole Telescope (SPT), and . Each of these surveys individually provides lensing measurements with similarly high statistical power, achieving signal-to-noise ratios of approximately 40. The combined lensing band powers represent the most precise CMB lensing power spectrum measurement to date with a signal-to-noise ratio of 61 and an amplitude of A lens recon = 1.025 ± 0.017 with respect to the theory prediction from the best-fit CMB -ACT cosmology. The band powers from all three lensing datasets, analyzed jointly, yield a 1.6% measurement of the parameter combination S 8 CMBL ≡ σ 8 ( Ω m / 0.3 ) 0.25 = 0.82 5 − 0.013 + 0.015 . Including dark energy spectroscopic instrument baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data improves the constraint on the amplitude of matter fluctuations to σ 8 = 0.829 ± 0.009 (a 1.1% determination). When combining with uncalibrated supernovae from , we present a 4% sound-horizon-independent estimate of H 0 = 66.4 ± 2.5 km s − 1 Mpc − 1 . The joint lensing constraints on structure growth and present-day Hubble rate are fully consistent with a Λ CDM model fit to the primary CMB data from and ACT. While the precise upper limit is sensitive to the choice of data and underlying model assumptions, when varying the neutrino mass sum within the Λ CDM cosmological model, the combination of primary CMB, BAO, and CMB lensing drives the probable upper limit for the mass sum towards lower values, comparable to the minimum mass prior required by neutrino oscillation experiments.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Physics and Astronomy
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Start Date: 2026-01-14
Publisher:	American Physical Society
ISSN:	0031-9007
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	3 February 2026
Date of Acceptance:	21 November 2025
Last Modified:	03 Feb 2026 12:01
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/184372

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