Epigenetic dysregulation of IRF9 drives excessive interferon signaling in COPD

Llamazares-Prada, Maria, Schwartz, Uwe, Pease, Darius F., Pohl, Stephanie T., Ackesson, Deborah, Behrendt, Annika, Li, Renjiao, Tamas, Raluca, Stammler, Vedrana, Richter, Mandy, Muley, Thomas, Scherer, Michael, Hey, Joschka, Espinet, Elisa, Heubel, Claus P., Warth, Arne, Schneider, Marc A., Winter, Hauke, Jurkowski, Tomasz P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2012-0240 and Jurkowska, Renata Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4507-2222 2026. Epigenetic dysregulation of IRF9 drives excessive interferon signaling in COPD. EMBO Molecular Medicine 10.1038/s44321-026-00386-9

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Abstract

Altered respiratory barrier integrity and impaired lung regeneration are hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To investigate the molecular mechanisms driving the impaired regeneration of alveolar epithelial progenitors in COPD, we generated whole-genome DNA methylation and transcriptome maps of sorted human primary alveolar type 2 cells (AT2) at different disease stages. Our analysis revealed aberrant DNA methylation at specific gene promoters in AT2 during COPD, which was anticorrelated with gene expression changes. Interferon signaling was the top-upregulated pathway in COPD, associated with a concomitant loss of promoter-proximal DNA methylation. Integrated pathway analysis revealed transcription factor IRF9 as the master regulator of interferon signaling in COPD. Epigenetic regulation of the interferon pathway was validated by targeted DNA demethylation of the IRF9 gene, mimicking the effects observed in COPD-derived AT2. Our findings suggest that COPD-associated DNA methylation alterations in AT2 cells may impair internal regeneration programs in lung parenchyma.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Schools > Biosciences
Additional Information:	For the full list of authors, please refer to the article webpage - https://doi.org/10.1038/s44321-026-00386-9
Publisher:	Wiley Open Access
ISSN:	1757-4684
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	2 March 2026
Date of Acceptance:	29 January 2026
Last Modified:	02 Mar 2026 12:09
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/185361

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