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Molecular enzymology of lipoxygenases

Ivanov, Igor, Heydeck, Dagmar, Hofheinz, Katharina, Roffeis, Jana, O'Donnell, Valerie Bridget ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-8460, Kuhn, Hartmut and Walther, Matthias 2010. Molecular enzymology of lipoxygenases. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 503 (2) , pp. 161-174. 10.1016/j.abb.2010.08.016

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Abstract

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are lipid peroxidizing enzymes, implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and hyperproliferative diseases, which represent potential targets for pharmacological intervention. Although soybean LOX1 was discovered more than 60 years ago, the structural biology of these enzymes was not studied until the mid 1990s. In 1993 the first crystal structure for a plant LOX was solved and following this protein biochemistry and molecular enzymology became major fields in LOX research. This review focuses on recent developments in molecular enzymology of LOXs and summarizes our current understanding of the structural basis of LOX catalysis. Various hypotheses explaining the reaction specificity of different isoforms are critically reviewed and their pros and cons briefly discussed. Moreover, we summarize the current knowledge of LOX evolution by profiling the existence of LOX-related genomic sequences in the three kingdoms of life. Such sequences are found in eukaryotes and bacteria but not in archaea. Although the biological role of LOXs in lower organisms is far from clear, sequence data suggests that this enzyme family might have evolved shortly after the appearance of atmospheric oxygen on earth.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Biosciences
Medicine
Systems Immunity Research Institute (SIURI)
Subjects: R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Uncontrolled Keywords: eicosanoids, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, cell development, catalysis, knockout mice, radicals
Publisher: Elsevier
ISSN: 0003-9861
Last Modified: 19 Oct 2022 10:13
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/23633

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