TGF-β inhibits the uptake of modified low density lipoprotein by human macrophages through a Smad-dependent pathway: A dominant role for Smad-2

Michael, Daryn Robert, Salter, Rebecca C. and Ramji, Dipak Purshottam ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6419-5578 2012. TGF-β inhibits the uptake of modified low density lipoprotein by human macrophages through a Smad-dependent pathway: A dominant role for Smad-2. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease 1822 (10) , pp. 1608-1616. 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.06.002

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Abstract

The anti-atherogenic cytokine, TGF-β, plays a key role during macrophage foam cell formation by modulating the expression of key genes involved in the control of cholesterol homeostasis. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms underlying these actions of TGF-β remain poorly understood. In this study we examine the effect of TGF-β on macrophage cholesterol homeostasis and delineate the role of Smads-2 and ‐3 during this process. Western blot analysis showed that TGF-β induces a rapid phosphorylation-dependent activation of Smad-2 and ‐3 in THP-1 and primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Smad-2/3 expression showed that the TGF-β-mediated regulation of key genes implicated in the uptake of modified low density lipoproteins and the efflux of cholesterol from foam cells was Smad-dependent. Additionally, through the use of virally delivered Smad-2 and/or Smad-3 short hairpin RNA, we demonstrate that TGF-β inhibits the uptake of modified LDL by macrophages through a Smad-dependent mechanism and that the TGF-β-mediated regulation of CD36, lipoprotein lipase and scavenger receptor-A gene expression was dependent on Smad-2. These studies reveal a crucial role for Smad signaling, particularly Smad-2, in the inhibition of foam cell formation by TGF-β through the regulation of expression of key genes involved in the control of macrophage cholesterol homeostasis.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Biosciences Chemistry
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology R Medicine > RB Pathology
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Foam cell; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; TGF-β; Macrophage
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0925-4439
Last Modified:	21 Oct 2022 09:18
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/35927

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