Delivery of atovaquone and proguanil across sublingual membranes, in vitro

Wallace, Eleri, Ong, Charlene M. Y. and Heard, Charles Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9703-9777 2012. Delivery of atovaquone and proguanil across sublingual membranes, in vitro. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology 17 (6) , pp. 770-776. 10.3109/10837450.2011.580760

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Abstract

Malarone™, a combination of atovaquone (AT) and proguanil (PR), is indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This study aimed to determine in vitro the feasibility of delivering the combination of AT and PR as a spray formulation via the sublingual route, using Franz diffusion cells incorporating porcine sublingual mucosa. Firstly, 1 mg mL−1 of each drug in 20% 1,8-Cineole in ethanol was used; and secondly, 5 mg mL−1 AT and 1 mg mL−1 PR in 20% 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in ethanol was examined, dosed every 2 h over a 12-h period and receptor phase samples were analyzed by HPLC. From the first study, mean fluxes for AT and PR were 12.89 ± 1.2 and 5.88 ± 0.9 µg cm−2 h−1 respectively; pharmacokinetic calculations indicated that these fluxes were insufficient to achieve the target plasma concentrations for AT and PR of 1.4 µg mL−1 and 200 ng mL−1 respectively, in the treatment of falciparum malaria. However, in the second study, the fluxes of AT and PR increased to 50.92 ± 20.8 and 12.01 ± 1.5 µg cm−2 h−1 respectively, and pharmacokinetic calculations indicated that therapeutic plasma concentrations are attainable for pediatric application.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Pharmacy
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
ISSN:	1083-7450
Last Modified:	25 Oct 2022 09:58
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/60703

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