Localization and function of the renal calcium-sensing receptor

Riccardi, Daniela ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-3163 and Valenti, Giovanna 2016. Localization and function of the renal calcium-sensing receptor. Nature Reviews Nephrology 12 (7) , pp. 414-425. 10.1038/nrneph.2016.59

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Abstract

The ability to monitor changes in the ionic composition of the extracellular environment is a crucial feature that has evolved in all living organisms. The cloning and characterization of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) from the mammalian parathyroid gland in the early 1990s provided the first description of a cellular, ion-sensing mechanism. This finding demonstrated how cells can detect small, physiological variations in free ionized calcium (Ca2+) in the extracellular fluid and subsequently evoke an appropriate biological response by altering the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) that acts on PTH receptors expressed in target tissues, including the kidney, intestine, and bone. Aberrant Ca2+ sensing by the parathyroid glands, as a result of altered CaSR expression or function, is associated with impaired divalent cation homeostasis. CaSR activators that mimic the effects of Ca2+ (calcimimetics) have been designed to treat hyperparathyroidism, and CaSR antagonists (calcilytics) are in development for the treatment of hypercalciuric disorders. The kidney expresses a CaSR that might directly contribute to the regulation of many aspects of renal function in a PTH-independent manner. This Review discusses the roles of the renal CaSR and the potential impact of pharmacological modulation of the CaSR on renal function.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Biosciences
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
ISSN:	1759-5061
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 March 2016
Date of Acceptance:	4 March 2016
Last Modified:	21 Nov 2024 09:15
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/87686

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