Age differentially impacts adaptive immune responses induced by adenoviral versus mRNA vaccines against COVID-19

Dallan, Beatrice, Proietto, Davide, De Laurentis, Martina, Gallerani, Eleonora, Martino, Mara, Ghisellini, Sara, Zurlo, Amedeo, Volpato, Stefano, Govoni, Benedetta, Borghesi, Michela, Albanese, Valentina, Appay, Victor, Bonnini, Stefano, Llewellyn-Lacey, Sian, Pacifico, Salvatore, Grumiro, Laura, Brandolini, Martina, Semprini, Simona, Sambri, Vittorio, Ladell, Kristin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9856-2938, Parry, Helen M., Moss, Paul A. H., Price, David A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9416-2737, Barbieri, Elena, Bernardi, Tatiana, Boni, Michela, Dall?Olio, Linda, De Laurentis, Martina, Fiorini, Caterina, Fiorini, Michele, Govoni, Maurizio, Neri, Margherita, Palma, Fabio, Romagnoni, Franco, Caputo, Antonella, Gavioli, Riccardo and Nicoli, Francesco 2024. Age differentially impacts adaptive immune responses induced by adenoviral versus mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. Nature Aging 4 (8) , 1121–1136. 10.1038/s43587-024-00644-w

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Abstract

Adenoviral and mRNA vaccines encoding the viral spike (S) protein have been deployed globally to contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Older individuals are particularly vulnerable to severe infection, probably reflecting age-related changes in the immune system, which can also compromise vaccine efficacy. It is nonetheless unclear to what extent different vaccine platforms are impacted by immunosenescence. Here, we evaluated S protein-specific immune responses elicited by vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S and subsequently boosted with a single dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, comparing age-stratified participants with no evidence of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2. We found that aging profoundly compromised S protein-specific IgG titers and further limited S protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity as a probable function of progressive erosion of the naive lymphocyte pool in individuals vaccinated initially with BNT162b2. Our results demonstrate that primary vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and subsequent boosting with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 promotes sustained immunological memory in older adults and potentially confers optimal protection against coronavirus disease 2019.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Publisher:	Nature Research
ISSN:	2662-8465
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 October 2024
Date of Acceptance:	2 May 2024
Last Modified:	25 Dec 2024 02:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/173515

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