Jabi, Wassim  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2594-9568, Xue, Yidan, Woolley, Thomas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6225-5365 and Kaouri, Aikaterini ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9850-253X
2025.
3D topological modeling and multi-agent movement simulation for viral infection risk analysis.
Architectural Science Review
10.1080/00038628.2025.2603534
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Abstract
This paper introduces an integrated method that combines computer-aided modelling of indoor environments, multi-agent movement simulation and airborne viral transmission modelling to analyse how spatial design and occupant behaviour affect disease spread. Using TopologicPy, interior spaces are represented as connected networks that support navigation-graph generation and agent movement based on schedules, walking speeds and activities. Agents move incrementally along shortest paths, while the system calculates precise inter-agent distances and respects architectural constraints such as walls and doorways. Viral aerosol concentrations are modelled via a reaction-diffusion equation, and infection risk is estimated using an extended Wells–Riley model. By capturing detailed spatio-temporal and topological interactions, the framework offers realistic infection-risk assessments. The resulting tool serves as a rapid decision-support system for policymakers, facility managers and designers, enabling evaluation of mitigation strategies and informing future building design. A comparative study of cellular and open-plan offices demonstrates the method's capabilities.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Date Type: | Published Online |
| Status: | In Press |
| Schools: | Schools > Mathematics Schools > Architecture |
| Subjects: | N Fine Arts > NA Architecture Q Science > QA Mathematics |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Computer-aided modelling, spatial design and analysis, topological analysis, navigation graphs, multi-agent movement simulation, aerosol distribution, viral transmission, infection risk |
| Publisher: | Taylor and Francis Group |
| ISSN: | 0003-8628 |
| Funders: | EPSRC |
| Date of First Compliant Deposit: | 17 December 2025 |
| Date of Acceptance: | 8 December 2025 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Dec 2025 10:15 |
| URI: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/183319 |
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