Conformationally restricted calpain inhibitors

Adams, S.E., Robinson, E.J., Miller, David James, Rizkallah, Pierre ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9290-0369, Hallett, Maurice Bartlett ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8197-834X and Allemann, Rudolf Konrad ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1323-8830 2015. Conformationally restricted calpain inhibitors. Chemical Science 6 (12) , pp. 6865-6871. 10.1039/c5sc01158b

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Abstract

The cysteine protease calpain-I is linked to several diseases and is therefore a valuable target for inhibition. Selective inhibition of calpain-I has proved difficult as most compounds target the active site and inhibit a broad spectrum of cysteine proteases as well as other calpain isoforms. Selective inhibitors might not only be potential drugs but should act as tools to explore the physiological and pathophysiological roles of calpain-I. α-Mercaptoacrylic acid based calpain inhibitors are potent, cell permeable and selective inhibitors of calpain-I and calpain-II. These inhibitors target the calcium binding domain PEF(S) of calpain-I and -II. Here X-ray diffraction analysis of co-crystals of PEF(S) revealed that the disulfide form of an α-mercaptoacrylic acid bound within a hydrophobic groove that is also targeted by a calpastatin inhibitory region and made a greater number of favourable interactions with the protein than the reduced sulfhydryl form. Measurement of the inhibitory potency of the α-mercaptoacrylic acids and X-ray crystallography revealed that the IC50 values decreased significantly on oxidation as a consequence of the stereo-electronic properties of disulfide bonds that restrict rotation around the S–S bond. Consequently, thioether analogues inhibited calpain-I with potencies similar to those of the free sulfhydryl forms of α-mercaptoacrylic acids.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Chemistry Medicine
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry
Publisher:	Royal Society of Chemistry
ISSN:	2041-6520
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 March 2016
Date of Acceptance:	20 August 2015
Last Modified:	04 May 2024 01:24
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/86816

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